Front matter

• Preface: Why a book (and not a PDF)?
• Introduction
• What is Sustainability?
• Chapter 1: How to measure sustainability
• Chapter 2: Existing Frameworks

Reduce

• Chapter 3: Design for Use
  By developing products and services that meet peopleʼs needs better (in terms of usability, usefulness, and desirability), offerings donʼt need to be changed as often and have longer market life and fewer resources are needed to develop successful solutions.
• Chapter 4: Dematerialization
  Reducing the total material that goes toward providing benefits to customers. May be accomplished through greater efficiency, the use of better or more appropriate materials, or by creating a service that produces the same benefit as a product.
• Chapter 5: Substitution
  The process of replacing one material or process for another. This is particularly important in eliminating toxic materials and in substituting materials with higher impact for those with lower impact.
• Chapter 6: Eco-efficiency
  A term for leveraging technological and process changes in order to generate solutions that offer more value than current offerings while reducing resource use and environmental impact throughout the product or service's life. Ideally, eco-efficiency not only achieves the best possible efficiency in terms of materials and energy used in the creation, use, and disposal of a product or service, but it might leave residual value equal to or higher than these inputs.
• Chapter 7: Localization
  Buying and developing from local sources reduces transportation impacts as well as other impacts on resources, pollution, etc. However, some areas maybe optimized for production of some products and materials, creating a lower impact overall even when including the transportation impact. For example, it may always have less impact to grow tomatoes in Spain and ship them to Norway than trying to grow them in Norway to begin with.
• Chapter 8: Transmaterialization
  The process of satisfying the benefits of a product with a service. Often, services can offer the same activities to customers as some products. Transmaterialization requires the rethinking of business goals and objectives in order to envision new market opportunities. However, some customer sectors may not be ready or willing to accept new solutions (such as services where they once bought products).
• Chapter 9: Informationalization
  The process of reducing material inputs and transportation by, instead, selling or sending the “recipe” for a product, process, or offering to be made onsite or close to the source of use.

Reuse

• Chapter 10: Extending Product Life
  The fewer products that break, wear, or no longer meet peopleʼs needs, the fewer new products that need to be developed. This is a particular issue that organizations need to address. Planned obsolescence is not sustainable but current market offerings—as well as progress—are built around “new” and “improved.”
• Chapter 11: Design for Reuse
  Where possible, if products can be designed to be reused (either in their present use or for some other use), their impact will be far lower than either recycling them or throwing them away.

Recycle

• Chapter 12: Design for Disassembly
  Recycling cant occur when products canʼt be easily and inexpensively disassembled into recyclable material components. There are standard approaches to building this into design criteria and working with partners to insure that it is possible.
• Chapter 13: Closed-loop systems
  Ideally, a zero-waste supply chain that completely reuses, recycles, or composts all materials. However, the term can also be used to refer to corporate take-back programs, where companies that produce a good are also responsible for its disposal.
• Chapter 14: Eco-effectiveness
  The central strategy in the cradle-to-cradle development method and seeks to create industrial systems that emulate healthy natural systems. The central principle of eco-effectiveness is that “waste equals food.” The concept was developed in response to some of the perceived limitations of eco-efficiency which critics claim only slow down the rate of environmental depletion and donʼt reverse the production of unused or non- recycled waste.

Restore

• Chapter 15: Platforms and Infrastructure
  Returning to the idea of systems-solutions, redesigning platforms and re-engineering infrastructure will not only lead to more sustainable solutions but more holistic contexts for future solutions.

Process

• Chapter 16: A sustainable process
• Chapter 17: Measuring Results
• Chapter 18: Declaring Results
• Conclusion
• Resources